Total internal reflection will occur if the incident. Refraction is used to guide light in optical instruments. To locate an image, any two of these three rays can be chosen. Here is a list of refractive indices for common materials. Image formation by a plane mirror 323 formation of images by spherical mirrors 324 index of refraction 325 refraction. A spherical metasurface with phase discontinuities leads to unconventional light bending compared to standard refractive lenses. This is called total internal refraction this happens when light tries to pass from a dense medium glass to a lessdense medium air at a shallow angle 16 air glass. The law of reflection still holds, however, at each small section of. As a result of their experiment with reflection, students deduce that. For a transmitted beam, the result is a bit more complicated. Reflection and refraction university of calgary in alberta. As shown below, an electromagnetic wave is a transverse wave consisting of mutually perpendicular oscillating electric and magnetic fields. The incident ray makes an angle of 900 with the surface. When light hits a surface, one or more of three things may happen.
When this happens, no light at all escapes the medium with the larg er index of refraction and 100% of the light is reflected. It is natural to treat the propagation of light in terms of rays. In fact the ratio of these speeds tells you the refractive index of the substance. Knowing the difference between reflection and refraction will help you understand basic phenomenon of science. Fiber optics 328 refraction at a spherical surface 837. If light passes into a medium with a smaller index of refraction, the angle of refraction is larger. In fact, reflection of light may occur whenever light travels from a medium of read the. It is formed at the same distance behind the mirror as the object is in front of the mirror. Download chapter10 light reflection and refraction ncert. We now define a few important terms used for spherical mirrors. Total internal reflection in the equation above, if the term inside the sqrt is negative, then there is no refraction. The basic difference between reflection and refraction is that reflection of light is the process in which light bounces back on striking the surface, while refraction of light is the process in which light changes its direction as it passes from one medium to another medium reflection vs refraction.
Laws of reflection states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. Ray box, single slit, mirror, protractor, rectangular glass block, pencil, ruler. These laws of reflection are applicable to all types of reflecting surfaces. Notes physics module 6 reflection and refraction of light optics and optical instruments 190 zthe ray of light parallel to the principal axis, on reflection, passes through the focus. Index of refraction the index of refraction of a material is a measure of the speed of light in the material.
A wave front is the line not necessarily straight or surface connecting all the. A ray is equivalent to a very narrow beam of light, and it. List four properties of the image formed by a plane mirror. Snells law also predicts the phenomenon of total internal reflection. In a solid optical material like glass the speed of light can be less than half of the. If incident ray makes 900 then the angle of reflection will also be 900 q. Due to refraction, the velocity of transmitted light is less than the velocity before it entered the medium. This videos explores the propagation of light, light reflection and refraction phenomena. In diffuse reflection, light is reflected in random directions.
The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. Resources cover the laws of reflection and refraction, the uses of mirrors, and some practice work on shadows and eclipses. The light may be reflected back from the surface, transmitted through the material in which case it will deviate from its initial direction, a process known as refraction or absorbed by the material if it is not transparent at the. Request pdf arab origins of the discovery of the refraction of light the time period between 8th and th century was a period when intellectual activity in the arab world went through two. Download th physics light reflection and refraction book pdf free download link or read online here in pdf. A group of rays of light emitted by a source of light is called a beam of light. Light reflection and refraction light an object reflects light that falls on it. Refraction of light simone zuccher february 4, 20 contents 1 the physical phenomenon 1 2 laws of refraction 2 3 visible light wavelength dispersion 3 4 critical angle and total internal re. A derivation of a lesserknown transfer matrix method for calculating reflectivities and transmitiv. Whenever a light strikes the surface of some material at an angle, part of the wave is reflected and part is transmitted or absorbed. Lenses for imaging are the most common application of refraction, and iwill be discussed in detail in a later section. Review the laws of reflection and refraction and snells law.
Due to refraction, the velocity of transmitted light is. Light is a form of energy, which induces the sensation of vision in our eyes and. Arab origins of the discovery of the refraction of light. Th physics light reflection and refraction pdf book. When light is reflected from a smooth surface the rays incident at a.
Refraction of light pdf refraction is the bending of light when it reading architectural working drawings residential and light goes from one transparent medium to. Reflection and transmission of light from multilayer films. The eyes and brain trace the light rays back into the water as though they had not refracted, but traveled from the object in a straight line, creating a virtual image of the object that appears at a shallower depth. Concepts covered include reflection, refraction, and the movement of light. Total internal reflection if the angle of incidence is larger than this, no transmission occurs. This version includes the fixed pdf worksheet files as well as the editable word copies. The reflection and refraction of light rays and wave fronts light is a very complex phenomenon, but in many situations its behavior can be understood with a simple model based on rays and wave fronts. In this chapter, we shall study the phenomena of reflection and refraction of light using the straightline propagation of light.
All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. It has been found that the speed of light varies in different optical materials. Particularly our academic science software is developed with an objective in mind that students should feel that they are doing work in realtime laboratory. The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal are all in the same plane 2. Light reflection and refraction important questions and answers. Reflection of light reflection of light is the phenomenon of bouncing back of light in the same medium on striking the surface of any object. Reflection and refraction worksheet teachers pay teachers.
Refraction of light refraction is the change of speed of light when it moves from one medium into another. A mirror is the most common example of specular light reflection. As we develop the connection between incident, reflected, and transmitted light waves, many familiar relationships will emerge naturally e. Students will need to be able to differentiate between a light source and a reflection. Refraction is when the speed and direction of light changes, as light moves from one. Arab origins of the discovery of the refraction of light article in optics and photonics news 1810. Refractive index into a medium with a different refractive index.
Feb 14, 2010 particularly our academic science software is developed with an objective in mind that students should feel that they are doing work in realtime laboratory, which materializes a genuine. In contrast, a less dense, lower refractive index material will reflect light. Reflection and refraction are two commonly observed optical properties of light. Reflection and refraction of light physics module 6 optics and optical note that the reflecting surface of a convex mirror curves outwards while that of instruments a concave mirror curves inwards. The centre of the sphere, of which the mirror is a part, is called the centre of. On the flip side, refraction is when light is absorbed by the medium but the direction and speed is affected. The following worksheet is intended to be used as an inquiry worksheet.
To investigate the reflection and refraction of light. The scattered light goes off in many different directions, and may be scattered again and again before it is finally absorbed. It can be complemented by phet simulations on geometrical optics. Theory materials transparent to light are called optical materials. The law of reflection applies, just as it does for a plane mirror, i. Light is known to behave in a very predictable manner. We say that light is refracted when it travels through water. Using that the speed of light is v c n we deduced that. Light speeds up as it passes from glass to air, and so bends away from the normal. Even though we sometimes think light is white, it is actually made up of all the colors in the rainbow. To examine light travel in rectangles and equilateral triangles using the laws of reflection and refraction.
All refraction of light and reflection occurs at an interface. This scattering is caused by the interaction of light with small particles, even atoms or molecules, within the material. The law of reflection states that, on reflection from a smooth surface, the angle of the reflected ray is equal to the angle of the incident ray. A line drawn in the direction of propagation of light is called a ray of light. A line drawn in the direction of propagation of light is called a. Students learn that infrared light is reflected in the same manner as visible light. Change the angle of incidence to 20 0, 40 0 and 60 0. If a ray of light could be observed approaching and reflecting off of a flat mirror, then the behavior of the light as it reflects would follow a predictable law known as the.
Light, reflection, and color characteristics of light light is an electromagnetic wave. The principal axis of the mirror is a straight line drawn through the center of curvature c and the midpoint of the mirror. Reflection and refraction when light hits a surface, one or more of three things may happen. Light slows down as it passes from air to glass, and so bends toward the normal. This reflected light when received by our eyes, enables us to see things. What is the largest angle of incidence angle below the normal so that the beam undergoes total reflection from the back of the prism the hypotenuse. A beam of light is incident on the isosceles right triangular glass prison in the air. We see a variety of objects in the world around us. The light may be reflected back from the surface, transmitted through the material in which case it will deviate from its initial direction, a process known as refraction or absorbed by the material if. There is an angle of incidence for which the angle of refraction will be 90. It is possible to see a light source even in the dark because the light passes directly into the eyes.
So, for a given image format and thereby a given diameter of the circle of confusion. A ray is a thin beam of light that travels in a straight line. Jan 31, 2017 this videos explores the propagation of light, light reflection and refraction phenomena. Light reflection and refraction 161 let us recall these laws i the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection, and ii the incident ray, the normal to the mirror at the point of incidence and the reflected ray, all lie in the same plane. Reflection, is when the light goes back to the previous medium, but changes direction. Reflection and refraction are two different properties of light. Light reflection and refraction notes for class 10 formulas download pdf. Light rays change direction when they reflect off a surface, move from one transparent medium into another, or travel through a medium whose composition is continuously changing.
In the simulation youll see a laser pointing down at a surface. Objects that produce light are called luminous and are considered sources of light. Chapter 3 reflection and refraction bgu physics department. Approximately 1 hour of data collection at wonderworks. Read online chapter10 light reflection and refraction ncert. In the chapter on lightmatter interaction we saw that when light. Students align a series of mirrors so that they can turn on a tv with a remote control when the remote is not in a direct line with the tv. Snells law 326 visible spectrum and dispersion 327 total internal reflection.
Read online th physics light reflection and refraction book pdf free download link book now. Well come back to it later when discussing internal reflection. Light reflection and refraction notes for class 10. The diagram below illustrates the law of reflection. Redraw the given diagram and show the path of the refracted ray. Light may perform reflection, refraction and other phenomenon. When light hits the interface between a medium with a larger index of refraction and a medium with a smaller index of refraction i. Reflection and transmission of light from multilayer films abstract. Pdf reflection and refraction of light from metasurfaces with. Electromagnetic waves are ultimately produced by an accelerating charge. Difference between reflection and refraction with comparison. Reflection refraction worksheet teachers pay teachers. Light reflection and refraction notes for class 10 download pdf. When light falls on a highly polished surface like a mirror most of the light is sent back into the same medium.
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